Key features:
- Cell Shape and Arrangement: Mesothelium consists of a single layer of flat, polygonal squamous cells. The cells appear thin and have a flattened nucleus, which may be centrally located.
- Cell Boundaries: The boundaries between cells are often distinct and can be highlighted using stains like hematoxylin and eosin (H&E).
- Location: Mesothelium lines body cavities such as the pleura (lungs), peritoneum (abdominal cavity), and pericardium (heart). Identifying the tissue in these locations can help confirm it is mesothelium.
- Staining Characteristics: Immunohistochemical stains can be used to identify mesothelial cells.
- Surface Coating: The mesothelial layer may show a smooth, slippery surface due to the production of a lubricating fluid, which is essential for allowing organs to glide against each other.
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