Identify microscopically:

1. Pleura

2. Bronchi

3. Bronchiole

4. Respiratory bronchiole.

5. Ductuli and sacculae alveolares

6. Alveoli

Draw and annotate:

A line drawing of the bronchi and bronchiole with detailed illustrations of the alveoli.

1. What type of tissue forms the pleura?
2. How do you distinguish between bronchi, bronchiole and respiratory bronchiole?
3. What are the distinguishing characteristics of ductuli- and sacculae alveolaris, as well as alveoli?

Microscope

• Overview of the lung
• Detail of respiratory section of the lung
• Bronchiole adjacent to two blood vessels
• Bronchiole adjacent to a blood vessel
• Alveoli in the lung
• Pleura of the lung
• Bronchiolar and alveolar duct

Other

• Bronchial anatomy

1. What type of epithelial cells line the trachea and bronchi, and what is their function?
2. Describe the distribution and function of elastic fibers in the lung tissue.
3. Describe the function of type I alveolar cells in the histology of the alveoli.
4. Describe the histological differences between the conducting and respiratory zones of the lung.
5. Describe the histological differences between the right and left lungs.
6. Describe the structure and function of the alveolar macrophages.
7. Describe the structure and function of the pleura in lung histology.
8. Describe the structure of the bronchioles and how it relates to its function.
9. How does oxygen get transported from alveoli to body cells?
10. How do pulmonary arterioles differ histologically from pulmonary venules?
11. How does the extensive network of capillaries surrounding the alveoli contribute to their histology?
12. How does the histological structure of the lungs facilitate gas exchange?
13. How does the histology of the alveolar ducts differ from that of the alveoli?
14. How does the histology of the alveoli change in conditions such as emphysema?
15. How does the histology of the lung change in diseases such as pneumonia or fibrosis?
16. How does the presence of surfactant contribute to the histology of the alveoli?
17. How does the structure of the respiratory bronchioles differ from the terminal bronchioles?
18. What creates the barrier between alveolar air and blood?
19. What is the approximate diameter of a pulmonary alveolus?
20. What is the comparison often made for the appearance of alveoli structures?
21. What is the function of cilia in the respiratory tract?
22. What is the histological composition of the alveoli?
23. What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?
24. What is the primary function of the alveoli?
25. What is the role of elastic fibers in the histology of the alveoli?
26. What is the role of lymphatic vessels in the histology of the lung?
27. What is the role of smooth muscle in the histology of the bronchioles?
28. What is the role of surfactant in the lungs, and which cells produce it?
29. What is the role of type II alveolar cells in alveolar histology?
30. What is the significance of the alveolar pores of Kohn in alveolar histology?
31. What is the significance of the cartilage rings in the trachea?
32. What is the term for the small air sacs of the lungs in mammals?
33. What is the thickness of the respiratory membrane?
34. What is the total average surface area of all alveoli in the average adult lung?
35. What role do goblet cells play in the respiratory system?
36. What structural adaptations allow for efficient gas exchange in the alveoli?
37. What surrounds each alveolus?
38. What type of cells cover about 95% of the alveolar surface?
39. What type of epithelial cells primarily make up the alveoli in the lungs?
40. What types of cells are present in the interstitium of the lung and their functions?
41. What is the function of blood-air barrier in lungs?
42. How does oxygen get transported from alveoli to body cells?