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An elderly gentleman who has been a heavy smoker for a long time, is diagnosed with carcinoma of the bladder, a cancer of epithelial tissue. According to his urologist, this type of cancer can occur at the renal pelvis and extend through the ureter, the urinary bladder, and the proximal two-thirds of the urethra.
- List the layers of the ureter wall from inside to outside.
- What is characteristic of the epithelium?
- How are the muscle layers of the ureters arranged contrary to that of the gastrointestinal tract where peristalsis occurs?
- How are the muscle layers in the wall of the bladder arranged?
- How does the shape of the lumen of urethra differ from that of the ureter?
- How does the epithelium of the male urethra differ from that of the female urethra?
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