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Liver
Urinary system
Respiratory system
Skin
- Have a pen & paper ready
- Answer every question
- Mark your answer after answering
- Elaborate on each answer
- Add relevant clinical content
- If you have trouble, ask
...Daniel Willingham
If you are not thinking about the content, it won't stick around.
and
Infectious Diseases
Review
Slides do not advance on a timer. Page forward when you are ready.
Score each answer you gave using the traffic light system.
- No idea - red
- Unsure - yellow
- Correct - green
- Kidney
- Liver
- Spleen
Are there advantages to writing a test on a subject before any lectures on the content?
- Kidney - cuboidal (tubuli); squamous (glomerulus, blood vessels)
- Liver - squamous/endothelium (sinusoids); cuboidal (liver parenchyme)
- Spleen - squamous/endothelium (sinusoids)
Writing a test on a subject before any lectures on the content improves retention of the content.
Provided the correct answer are given and explained.
If the student are unsure about any of the answers, it is their responsibility to clarify.
What are the different types of injections you might do?
How and why are they different?
Which layers of cells are penetrated?
What do they look like?
What is the function of each layer?
What is the function of each cell type?
View the slides at low magnification. You should be able to see several layers, stained different colours and intensities. For a standard haematoxillin and eosin stained slide, there are three layers:
- A dark pink to red scalloped area - the epidermis.
- A central light pink eosinophilic area - the dermis.
- A very thick light pink area - the hypodermis.
- Look at the palm of your hand and fingertips. The thickened outer layer is the outer layer of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium.
- Compare and describe the visual differences seen between the skin of the palm of your hand, the back of your hand, your forearm and scalp.
- Make a list of structures you expect to find in skin using the microscope.
| Spleen | |
| Red pulp | White pulp |
|
Connective tissue Sinusoids Blood |
Lymphocytes |
Centrilobular
Periportal
Around the central vein
Acinar zone 3
Due to:
Ischaemia
Drugs
Around portal area
Acinar zone 1
Due to:
Hepatitis
| Crypts | |
|---|---|
| Lingual | Palatine |
|
|
Barriers
- Skin - keratin & connective tissue
- Lymphoid tissue - oral cavity
- Mucous layer - respiratory system
- Acid - stomach
- Outside
- Stratified keratinized squamous
- Inside
- Stratified keratinized squamous
- Stratified squamous
- Bonus
- Cuboidal - ducts salivary glands
- Mechano-receptors
- Pacini
- Meissner
- Pain
- Free nerve endings
Structure in the thymus
What looks the same?
Nothing else
...Daniel Willingham
If you are not thinking about the content, it won't stick around.
What did I do today?
What went well for me?
What can I do to improve?
What am I still unsure about?
| Conflict | |
|---|---|
| Goals | Habits |
|
|
Something is better than nothing, more is better than less.
If you are self-motivated, the UP Gym at Tswelopele is affordable and convenient. For those who need guidance and see visible progression, CrossFit Pretoria is located close to the Sinkhuis and can be highly recommended.
How much? Read this excellent summary at the Mayo Clinic or these easy to follow recommendations.
6 - 8 hours per day
Brain consolidation takes place
You can't catch up sleep
Yes, you can rest up again, but your brain will have other inputs to filter by the weekend and discards older work.
We will now look at the 3 essential learning habits.
Force
- Consolidation
- Prioritisation
Has to be:
- Low stakes - not for marks or very little
- Continuous
- Interspersed with other content
Using old examination papers are ideal. Also, continually create and collect questions.
Plan when you will repeat work. It is better to work a little every day, and repeat regularly, than a big block before a test.
Create additional connections in the brain
For
Faster and Automatic
Retrieval
That takes place automatically
Select the tool most appropriate for the job and hand, don't hammer everything into submission. There is a real danger of studying too much.
Mostly what you do in class.
Expand and add using additional sources.
Use pen and paper = high retention
Typed = low retention
Mind maps
Diagrams
Suited for processes
Example Physiology
Needs to be annotated!
Example Histology and Anatomy
You have to interpret flat views in a third dimension, for example X-rays and histology slides.
Collect and create a question bank. Flash cards are ideal for this.
Explain the work to yourself, your cat or a teddy-bear. Use the words, and refresh when you get stuck.
This is working as a group. Beware of labour division.
Mimic the actions you are studying. Move the muscle, make a pump with your hand and visualise the flow of blood due to muscle contractions.
For example, High-lighting is NOT on the list. It is a waste of time, and does not help you remember any better.
This is an ongoing process that checks the quality of your habits. Am I keeping to the plan? How can I improve?
Ask:
What did I do?
What happened?
How can I improve?
The End
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